pygmt.project¶

pygmt.project(points, center, outfile=None, **kwargs)[source]¶

Project data onto lines or great circles, or generate tracks.

Project reads arbitrary (x, y [, z]) data and returns any combination of (x, y, z, p, q, r, s), where (p, q) are the coordinates in the projection, (r, s) is the position in the (x, y) coordinate system of the point on the profile (q = 0 path) closest to (x, y), and z is all remaining columns in the input (beyond the required x and y columns).

Alternatively, Project may be used to generate (r, s, p) triples at equal increments dist along a profile. In this case (generate option), the value of points is ignored (you can use, e.g., points=None).

Projections are defined in any (but only) one of three ways:

(Definition 1) By a center and an azimuth in degrees clockwise from North.

(Definition 2) By a center and endpoint of the projection path.

(Definition 3) By a center and a rotationpole position.

To spherically project data along a great circle path, an oblique coordinate system is created which has its equator along that path, and the zero meridian through the Center. Then the oblique longitude (p) corresponds to the distance from the Center along the great circle, and the oblique latitude (q) corresponds to the distance perpendicular to the great circle path. When moving in the increasing (p) direction, (toward B or in the azimuth direction), the positive (q) direction is to your left. If a Pole has been specified, then the positive (q) direction is toward the pole.

To specify an oblique projection, use the rotationpole option to set the pole. Then the equator of the projection is already determined and the center option is used to locate the p = 0 meridian. The center cx/cy will be taken as a point through which the p = 0 meridian passes. If you do not care to choose a particular point, use the South pole (ox = 0, oy = -90).

Data can be selectively windowed by using the length and width options. If width is used, the projection width is set to use only points with w_min < q < w_max. If length is set, then the length is set to use only those points with l_min < p < l_max. If the endpoint option has been used to define the projection, then length="w" may be used to window the length of the projection to exactly the span from O to B.

Flat Earth (Cartesian) coordinate transformations can also be made. Set flatearth=True and remember that azimuth is clockwise from North (the y axis), NOT the usual cartesian theta, which is counterclockwise from the x axis. azimuth = 90 - theta.

No assumptions are made regarding the units for x, y, r, s, p, q, dist, l_min, l_max, w_min, w_max. If -Q is selected, map units are assumed and x, y, r, s must be in degrees and p, q, dist, l_min, l_max, w_min, w_max will be in km.

Calculations of specific great-circle and geodesic distances or for back-azimuths or azimuths are better done using https://docs.generic-mapping-tools.org/latest/mapproject as project is strictly spherical.

Project is CASE SENSITIVE: use lower case for the xyzpqrs letters in flags.

Aliases:

A = azimuth
E = endpoint
F = flags
G = generate
L = length
N = flatearth
Q = maptypeunits
S = sort
T = rotationpole
V = verbose
W = width
Z = ellipse
f = coltypes

Parameters

points (pandas.DataFrame or str) – Either a table with (x, y) or (lon, lat) values in the first two columns, or a filename (e.g. csv, txt format). More columns may be present.
center (str or list) – cx/cy. cx/cy sets the origin of the projection, in Definition 1 or 2. If Definition 3 is used, then cx/cy are the coordinates of a point through which the oblique zero meridian (p = 0) should pass. The cx/cy is not required to be 90 degrees from the pole.
azimuth (float or str) – defines the azimuth of the projection (Definition 1).
endpoint (str or list) – bx/by. bx/by defines the end point of the projection path (Definition 2).
flags (str) – Specify your desired output using any combination of xyzpqrs, in any order [Default is xyzpqrs]. Do not space between the letters. Use lower case. The output will be columns of values corresponding to your flags. The z flag is special and refers to all numerical columns beyond the leading x and y in your input record. The z flag also includes any trailing text (which is placed at the end of the record regardless of the order of z in flags). Note: If generate is True, then the output order is hardwired to be rsp and flags is not allowed.
generate (str) – dist [/colat][+c**|**h]. Generate mode. No input is read and the value of points is ignored (you can use, e.g., points=None). Create (r, s, p) output points every dist units of p. See maptypeunits option. Alternatively, append /colat for a small circle instead [Default is a colatitude of 90, i.e., a great circle]. If setting a pole with rotationpole and you want the small circle to go through cx/cy, append +c to compute the required colatitude. Use center and endpoint to generate a circle that goes through the center and end point. Note, in this case the center and end point cannot be farther apart than 2*| colat |. Finally, if you append +h then we will report the position of the pole as part of the segment header [no header].
length (str or list) – [w**| *l_min*/*l_max*]. Length controls. Project only those points whose *p* coordinate is within *l_min* < *p* < *l_max*. If ``endpoint`` has been set, then you may alternatively use **w to stay within the distance from center to endpoint.
flatearth (bool) – If True, Make a Cartesian coordinate transformation in the plane. [Default uses spherical trigonometry.]
maptypeunits (bool) – If True, project assumes x, y, r, s are in degrees while p, q, dist, l_min, l_max, w_min, w_max are in km. If not set (or False), then all these are assumed to be in the same units.
sort (bool) – Sort the output into increasing p order. Useful when projecting random data into a sequential profile.
rotationpole (str or list) – px/py. px/py sets the position of the rotation pole of the projection. (Definition 3).
verbose (bool or str) –
Select verbosity level [Default is w], which modulates the messages written to stderr. Choose among 7 levels of verbosity:
- q - Quiet, not even fatal error messages are produced
- e - Error messages only
- w - Warnings [Default]
- t - Timings (report runtimes for time-intensive algorithms);
- i - Informational messages (same as verbose=True)
- c - Compatibility warnings
- d - Debugging messages
width (str or list) – w_min/w_max Width controls. Project only those points whose q coordinate is within w_min < q < w_max.
ellipse (str) – major/minor/azimuth [+e | n]. Used in conjunction with center (sets its center) and generate (sets the distance increment) to create the coordinates of an ellipse with major and minor axes given in km (unless flatearth is given for a Cartesian ellipse) and the azimuth of the major axis in degrees. Append +e to adjust the increment set via generate so that the the ellipse has equal distance increments [Default uses the given increment and closes the ellipse]. Instead, append +n to set a specific number of unique equidistant points via generate. For degenerate ellipses you can just supply a single diameter instead. A geographic diameter may be specified in any desired unit other than km [Default] by appending the unit (e.g., 3d for degrees); if so we assume the increment is also given in the same unit (see `Units`_). Note: For the Cartesian ellipse (which requires flatearth), we expect direction counter-clockwise from the horizontal instead of an azimuth.
outfile (str) – Required if points is a file. The file name for the output ASCII file.
coltypes (str) – [i|o]colinfo. Specify data types of input and/or output columns (time or geographical data). Full documentation is at https://docs.generic-mapping-tools.org/latest/gmt.html#f-full.

Returns

track (pandas.DataFrame or None) – Return type depends on whether the outfile parameter is set:

pandas.DataFrame table with (x, y, …, newcolname) if outfile is not set
None if outfile is set (track output will be stored in file set by outfile)